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FACTBOX- playground rubber mats South China Sea’s disputed maritime borders
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FACTBOX-South China Sea’s disputed maritime bordersPublished: 09 Mar 2009 23:55:13 PST March 10 – China rejected accusations that its vessels hadharassed a U.S. naval ship, saying the USNS Impeccable had beencarrying out an illegal survey off the southern island ofHainan, a Hong Kong television website said on Tuesday. Here are five facts on the sea, the maritime rulesgoverning its waters, and major players embroiled in disputeswithin it. GEOGRAPHY: The South China Sea is 648,000 sq miles (1.7 million sqkm), containing more than 200 mostly uninhabitable smallislands, rocks and reefs. It borders China and Taiwan to thenorth, Vietnam to the west, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, andSingapore to the south and southwest, and the Philippines tothe east. STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE: The shortest route between the Pacific and Indian oceans,it has some of the world’s busiest shipping lanes. Over halfthe globe’s oil tanker traffic passes through it. Most shippingis of raw materials, such as crude oil from the Gulf, to EastAsian countries. The sea is also said to hold valuable fishinggrounds, and as-yet unexploited oil and natural gas fields. DISPUTES: Six parties are involved in a complex set of historicallybased territorial disputes in the sea — Brunei, China,Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam. China’s claims,the broadest, cover all of the Spratly and Paracel islands andmost of the South China Sea. The sea’s biggest militaryskirmishes occurred in 1974, when China attacked and capturedthe western Paracels from Vietnam, and in 1988, when China andVietnam fought a brief naval battle near the Spratly reefs, inwhich more than 70 Vietnamese sailors died. INTERNATIONAL LAW: The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seaallows coastal states to establish sovereignty over two areas:1. Territorial seas — adjacent waters spanning a maximum of 12nautical-miles (22 km) from their coastlines, including thecoastline of offshore islands, and 2. Exclusive Economic Zones(EEZ) — extending 200 nautical miles from the coast. UNCLOSsays overlapping claims should be resolved through ad hocarbitration or submission to international courts. THE UNITED STATES: The U.S. has not ratified UNCLOS, objecting to a clause onseabed mineral exploration. But when accused by China ofillegal trespass, it has referred to its provision for statesto conduct intelligence-gathering activities in EEZ’s. U.S.surveillance aircraft and ships have long conducted surveys inthe sea. The country’s main security concern in the area iskeeping open the sea routes that are vital for commercialshipping and warships. CHINA: China has signed and ratified UNCLOS. Source: Reuters, United Nations Convention on the Law ofthe Sea,(http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_ov erview_convention.htm) 翻译公司 北京翻译公司 lipo battery キャバクラ 大阪 汽水混合器 搅拌机 混合机 リスティング広告 kitchen cabinets